LAMP on Ubuntu

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Introduction to Operating Systems

It is a common occurrence to find users who are not even aware of what operating system they are running. On occasion, you may also find an administrator who knows the name of the operating system, but nothing about the inner workings of it. In many cases, they have no time as they are often clerical workers or other personnel who were reluctantly appointed to be the system administrator.

Being able to run or work on a Linux system does not mean you must understand the intricate details of how it functions internally. However, there are some operating system concepts that will help you to interact better with the system. They will also serve as the foundation for many of the issues we're going to cover in this section.

In this chapter we are going to go through the basic composition of an operating system. First, we'll talk about what an operating system is and why it is important. We are also going to address how the different components work independently and together.

My goal is not to make you an expert on operating system concepts. Instead, I want to provide you with a starting point from which we can go on to other topics. If you want to go into more detail about operating systems, I would suggest Modern Operating Systems by Andrew Tanenbaum, published by Prentice Hall, and Operating System Concepts by Silberschatz, Peterson, and Galvin, published by Addison-Wesley. Another is Inside Linux by Randolph Bentson, which gives you a quick introduction to operating system concepts from the perspective of Linux.

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Solusi penginstallan aplikasi msttcorefonts di Ubuntu untuk pengguna standalone

Aplikasi msttcorefonts memang salah satu aplikasi di linux yang biasanya perlu diinstal jika user benar-benar menginginkan font-font windows (font type ttf atau true type font) dapat digunakan pada linux (khususnya di ubuntu). Dalam aplikasi ini terdapat beberapa paket bertype .exe di antaranya:

• Andale Mono
• Arial Black
• Arial (Bold, Italic, Bold Italic)
• Comic Sans MS (Bold)
• Courier New (Bold, Italic, Bold Italic)
• Georgia (Bold, Italic, Bold Italic)
• Impact
• Times New Roman (Bold, Italic, Bold Italic)
• Trebuchet (Bold, Italic, Bold Italic)
• Verdana (Bold, Italic, Bold Italic)
• Webdings
  

Namun, kebanyakan pengguna Ubuntu 7.10 desktop sering bermasalah dengan penginstallan aplikasi msttcorefonts ini. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam penginstalan msttcorefonts dibutuhkan koneksi internet untuk penginstalan file-file tambahan yang bertype .exe tersebut dan hal ini tidak dapat dilakukan secara manual sehingga untuk pengguna Ubuntu yang ter-install di komputer stand-alone terkadang memiliki banyak kesulitan. Problem yang sering dihadapi user biasanya seperti masalah berikut :

-----start-----
Setting up msttcorefonts (2.2) ...

You are free to download these fonts and use them for your own use,
but you may not redistribute them in modified form, including changes
to the file name or packaging format.
--19:12:10--  http://belnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/andale32.exe
=> `./andale32.exe'
Resolving belnet.dl.sourceforge.net... failed: Connection timed out.
--19:12:20--  http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/andale32.exe
=> `./andale32.exe'
Resolving easynews.dl.sourceforge.net... failed: Connection timed out.
--19:12:30--  http://twtelecom.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/andale32.exe
=> `./andale32.exe'
Resolving twtelecom.dl.sourceforge.net... failed: Connection timed out.
--19:12:40--  http://aleron.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/andale32.exe
=> `./andale32.exe'
Resolving aleron.dl.sourceforge.net... failed: Connection timed out.
--19:12:51--  http://cesnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/andale32.exe
=> `./andale32.exe'
Resolving cesnet.dl.sourceforge.net... failed: Connection timed out.
--19:13:01--  http://switch.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/andale32.exe
=> `./andale32.exe'
Resolving switch.dl.sourceforge.net... failed: Connection timed out.
andale32.exe: No such file or directory

All done, errors in processing 1 file(s)
dpkg: error processing msttcorefonts (--configure):
subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Setting up libid3tag0 (0.15.1b-7) ...

Setting up libmad0 (0.15.1b-2.1) ...

Setting up mpg321 (0.2.10.3) ...

Errors were encountered while processing:
msttcorefonts
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Solusi manual yang saya sampaikan di sini hanya salah satu solusi dari berbagai macam solusi dan setidaknya saya harapkan mampu memecahkan masalah yang biasanya dihadapi oleh pengguna Linux terutama Ubuntu pada komputer standalone. Jadi jika mungkin ada kekurangan mohon kritik dan saran dari pembaca. Sebagai tambahan, salah satu syarat agar solusi ini berhasil di antaranya yaitu kita memiliki 5 DVD Repository untuk repository local.

Solusi yang saya sampaikan kurang lebih seperti sebagai berikut :

1. Buat web server lokal dulu, kurang lebih manualnya bisa anda dapatkan di : http://wiki.ubuntu-id.org/PanduanUbuntu. Di sini saya sisipkan cara-caranya jika anda tidak ingin repot-repot mencari:

- penginstallan apache sebagai web server:

$sudo apt-get install apache2

- penginstalan PHP 5:

$sudo apt-get install php5
$sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
$sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

2. Extract file msttcorefonts.tar.gz

- misal msttcorefonts ingin anda extract di folder /home/nama_user

$cd /home/nama_user/
$tar -xzvf msttcorefonts.tar.gz

keterangan: file msttcorefonts.tar.gz bisa anda download dari link berikut ini: http://savefile.com/files/1543389
http://www.4shared.com/file/46877242/fc22af37/msttcorefontstar.html
namun jika anda ingin mendownload file-file font satu persatu bisa anda dapatkan di:
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=34153&package_id=56408&release_id=105355


3. Edit file alias yang ada di /etc/apache2/conf.d

$sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/alias


4. Tambahkan script berikut pada file tersebut:

Alias /msttcorefonts /home/nama_user/msttcorefonts/


Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all



5. Setelah file tersebut disimpan, lalu restart service apache anda

$sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart


6. Setelah link sukses di-redirect edit file /var/lib/dpkg/info/msttcorefonts.post

$sudo gedit /var/lib/dpkg/info/msttcorefonts.postinst


7. Edit file tersebut pada bagian:

URLROOTS="http://surfnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://puzzle.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://superb-west.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://superb-east.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://mesh.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://umn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/
http://switch.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/corefonts/"

menjadi:

URLROOTS="http://localhost/msttcorefonts/"


8. Sebagai langkah terakhir jalankan update installation atau install ulang untuk msttcorefonts.

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